When Mac OS X (as it was then called) first moved to a yearly release cycle in 2011, Apple had trouble defining its scope for each release. Lion, the first in this cadence and the first release to pull in a significant number of features from iOS, feels like a half-finished version of Mountain Lion in retrospect. Mavericks stripped out some of previous versions' skeuomorphism and superfluous texture, but the Mac didn’t fully match with iOS 7 until Yosemite came out a year later.
Since Yosemite, things have felt more tightly controlled, more planned. El Capitan and Sierra both designate one or two big "hero" features for Apple to plan its marketing around (window management in El Capitan, Siri in Sierra), a decent range of medium-sized changes, at least one big under-the-hood addition (System Integrity Protection in 10.11, the Gatekeeper stuff in 10.12, and APFS next year if all goes well), and a smattering of minor improvements to the core apps.
It has been a long time since the Mac was Apple's favorite child, and there are places in Sierra (like the Messages app) where it clearly feels like Mac users are getting a second-tier experience compared to people on iOS. Add in the Mac’s stale, aging hardware lineup and Apple’s total lack of communication about it, and there seem to be real problems for the Mac as a platform.
But for all the Mac users already out there, Sierra happily trundles along in the operating system’s quiet and reliable groove. The name has changed, but otherwise it's business as usual for Mac OS Mac OS X OS X macOS.
Table of Contents
- System requirements and compatibility
- Branding and installation
- Finder and UI
- Siri
- iCloud Desktop and Documents
- Optimized Storage and other space-saving tricks
- Continuity: Universal Clipboard
- Apple Watch unlocking
- Apps: Messages
- Safari 10, Apple Pay on the Web, and Picture-in-Picture video
- Photos
- Notes
- Mail and Contacts
- Under the hood: Gatekeeper
- Path randomization
- Networking: Sierra brings new IPv6 addresses
- Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)
- Bluetooth
- APFS: The next macOS (and iOS) file system
- What’s on that disk?
- Years in the making
- APFS features: Way the hell more files
- Sparse files and lazy allocation
- Process-level file system write locks
- Write coalescing
- Nanosecond timestamps
- Crash Protection and Atomic Safe-Save
- Fast directory sizing
- Native extended attributes
- Space sharing
- Native encryption
- Snapshots and clones
- Checksum yourself before you wrecksum yourself
- Creating an APFS volume to play with
- Encryption: Not much to say yet
- Clones and snapshots
- APFS isn't ready yet—but it’ll be a big deal when it is
- Grab bag: No new OpenGL extensions
- Disk Utility tweaks
- More granular autocorrect
- Keeping tabs on everything
- Improved software that runs on coasting hardware
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