From cops to advertisers, everyone is out to get your data. Instead of submitting to the surveillance capitalism panopticon, use an open-source private messenger like Signal to start communicating securely. This free, cross-platform app protects your messages, calls, and video chats from prying eyes and data-hungry corporations. Signal has consistently improved its features and functionality yet hasn't sacrificed its principles or the security of its users. Among the messaging services we've reviewed, Signal strikes the best balance between security, accessibility, and fun. That makes it our Editors' Choice winner for private messaging.
Can You Trust Signal?
There are two major differences between Signal and just about every other chat application out there.
First, it's end-to-end encrypted (E2EE) by default. That means only you and your recipient(s) on Signal can read your messages. Not even the creators of Signal cannot peek inside your conversations. While other services like Facebook Messenger and Telegram include an E2EE option, Signal is one of few that make it mandatory. That said, Signal is built for privacy, not anonymity. Its main concern is ensuring that you're speaking securely with only the people you intend, not hiding your identity.
Second, Signal has no incentive to sell your data. It's a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the US. Companies are keen to grab your data so they can target you for ads or simply sell that information to someone else. That's just not Signal's model. Competitor WhatsApp is also free, but it's tied to Meta's data-mining empire.
Similar Products
Telegram
Facebook Messenger (for iPhone)
Zoom Meetings
Slack
It's Surprisingly Easy to Be More Secure Online
The underlying technology, called the Signal Protocol, has been evaluated by researchers and is open-source. Its core technology has also been implemented by Meta's and Google's messaging platforms, albeit as an option. While you might not trust those companies, they have vetted Signal's technology and found it worthy.
An even stronger endorsement comes, ironically enough, from the FBI. In late 2021, a document emerged outlining what information the agency could legally obtain from various messaging platforms. This confirmed what Signal had long said: It can only provide the date a user signed up for the service and the last time the service was used—less information than any of its competitors evaluated in the FBI document. Also, because Signal does not back up messages, it is resistant to both legal and malicious attempts to access cloud backups.
That said, Signal hasn't always had smooth sailing when it comes to security. In 2022, an attack on a third-party service used by Signal to verify new signups potentially revealed the phone numbers and SMS verification codes of 1,900 users. The company moved quickly to secure its users and disclose the attack—which is exactly what a company should do in this situation.
Getting Started With Signal
Signal is available as an Android app and an iOS app, with companion desktop apps for Linux, macOS, and Windows. Emphasis on companion: you still need to register for Signal using a mobile phone. Your Signal message history is stored locally on your devices, but you can access your old messages on desktop platforms by scanning a QR code to link your device to your computer.
A Settings panel lets you control the app's appearance, how it stores data and other essential features. It's also where you go to link your Signal account to a desktop companion app.
Signal does not store or share your phone number, nor does it hoover up your contact lists. The company has been criticized in the past for requiring a phone number to use the service. If you want to keep your phone number private, a new change to the service allows you to create a username to use on the app. You can also choose to hide your phone number from your contacts, move your account to a new phone, or designate a new phone number if needed.
You're asked to create a PIN when you first sign up. According to Signal's FAQ, this allows you to "recover your profile, settings, contacts, and who you’ve blocked if you ever lose or switch devices." The company says this feature is designed in such a way that the information is not accessible, even to the people who develop Signal. Furthermore, your chat history cannot be recovered with the PIN.
You can disable PINs in the Settings menu, and maybe you should! Your account is secured with multi-factor authentication, so you don't need the PIN. Besides, allowing a lower form of security like a highly guessable PIN to access your account doesn't seem like a great idea.
What Is Two-Factor Authentication?
Chats and Groups on Signal
We tested Signal on an iPhone 13 Pro, a Macbook Pro, and a Samsung Galaxy A71 5G. The app's main page shows a running list of your conversations, with the newest shuffled to the top. You can pin conversations to the top of your screen for easy access. Use the search bar at the top of the screen to look for words used in your conversations or people from your contact list.
If you've used a chat app in the last decade, the features and layout will be familiar to you. Text field buttons let you attach files, add privacy-respecting stickers, take and edit selfies, and record up to five minutes of encrypted audio. The Disappearing Messages option (found in the three-dot menu) lets you set a lifespan for your messages. That means your messages are automatically deleted, even from the recipient's phone.
Always remember to practice safe sexting! When you send pictures, you can choose to allow the image to be viewed indefinitely or just once by tapping the infinity symbol in the bottom left of the screen. Be aware that even disappearing messages and pics can be captured with screenshots or by taking a photo of the screen.
Groups work much the same as messages. Select a few contacts, or skip that and simply create an empty group, and then add a name and a picture. Groups are encrypted but messages to groups with non-Signal users will not be encrypted and will only use SMS.
You can add people manually from your contacts or you can create a sharable link or QR code to quickly populate your new group. Newly created groups now have admins (the creator of the group by default) who can change group settings, assign other admins, approve members joining from a link, and, of course, remove other members as well. In testing, our group didn't have any trouble communicating via text messages.
We like the Message Requests, which are alerts that appear when someone outside of your contact list tries to message you. You can choose to Block, Report, or Accept the message from the sender. It's a nice way to cut down on potential scamming, spamming, or harassment on the app.
Signal's Voice and Video Chat
Video calls and group chats work across every platform Signal supports. Secure voice calls have been a feature of Signal since its earliest incarnation as RedPhone/TextSecure. Tap the phone or camera icon at the top of a chat to start a secure voice or video call. You switch your camera on to turn a voice call into a video chat.
Group chats also support video calls with up to 40 participants, which is large enough for a friendly chat or a small group, though it can't hold a candle to Zoom. Telegram allows up to 1,000 viewers for broadcasts, but only the first 30 can share their video.
As in Discord, video calls in Signal persist until everyone has left. People who drop from the video or voice call can still participate in the text chat. Voice calls aren't explicitly supported for groups, but you can just turn off your camera.
In testing, we found the video chat feature straightforward to use. In just a few minutes, we had iPhone, Mac, and Android users video chatting with ease. We also found that it was easy to rejoin a video or voice chat in progress if a participant's call dropped.
Other Notable Features
Signal has been adding more "fun features" recently. Text formatting is new to Signal's chat functionality since our last review. You can bold, underline, or italicize your chat text. You can also add visual elements like GIFs to liven up your chat windows.
Taking a page from other modern social media platforms, namely Snapchat, Instagram, and TikTok, Signal rolled out a "Stories" feature that allows users to upload photos, videos, or messages to their profile that disappear after a certain time. The feature could be helpful for group organizers or administrators who want to pass along communications to lots of people without spamming an active group chat with announcements. Users can turn off Signal Stories in the app's Settings menu.
Signal's Drawbacks
If you're familiar with WhatsApp or Apple Messages, some of Signal’s quirks might confuse you. For one thing, you won't be able to see the previous chat history when you join a group. That's because those messages can only be read by their intended recipients, which, at the time, didn't include you.
You'll also periodically see warnings that a contact's Safety Number has changed. This means that something has occurred that required Signal to generate a new cryptographic key for your conversation. This alert could mean your messages are being intercepted in an attacker-in-the-middle scenario, or it could mean your friend got a new phone. You can tap on a user's icon to view and confirm their safety number.
Signal is a very popular app, but we've noticed that while many people sign up, it seems that few stick with it. People aren't interested in installing another app for messaging if most of their friends and family aren't using it. Apple Messages avoids this issue by virtue of being the default, while WhatsApp and Telegram have built solid overseas user bases.
The Best of Both Worlds
Security and ease of use are often on opposite ends of the spectrum, but Signal has managed to deliver a happy medium for years. It has only become more fun, more polished, and more popular over time, all without compromising its core promise of secure, private communication, earning it our Editors' Choice award. The biggest drawback to Signal remains its niche audience. That said, as long as Signal continues to adhere to its privacy principles while delivering an excellent user experience, it should become increasingly easy to convince friends and family to ditch more popular but less secure services.
Max Eddy contributed to this review.
Signal Private Messenger is a free messaging service that puts security and privacy first, delivering polished and safe group, voice, and video chats without exploiting users.
Like What You're Reading?
Sign up for SecurityWatch newsletter for our top privacy and security stories delivered right to your inbox.
This newsletter may contain advertising, deals, or affiliate links. Subscribing to a newsletter indicates your consent to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. You may unsubscribe from the newsletters at any time.
Thanks for signing up!
Your subscription has been confirmed. Keep an eye on your inbox!
Sign up for other newsletters
